Турция внася до 98% от газа, който потребява, и за страната е особено важно да разнообрази източниците на суровината.
И Анкара е напът да постигне тази мечтана диверсификация. Този коментар прави анализаторът Йефган Нифти от Каспийския институт за стратегически изследвания, цитиран от РИА Новости.
В момента част от доставките на газ страната получава от Русия през територията на България, другата част – по „Син поток”, тоест отново от Русия. Турция обаче има и възможността да посрещне още един руски газопровод на своя територия – „Южен поток”, но вече с променен маршрут и име („Турски поток”).
В същото време през страната ще премине и Трансанадолският газопровод –TANAP, по който ще бъде транзитиран азербайджански газ до Европа. Двата мащабни проекта – TANAP и „Турски поток” съвсем не са в конкуренция, а реално са стъпката в посоката, която да направи Турция един от важните газови центрове за Европа.
TANAP е част от Южния газов коридор – една от последните надежди на Стария континент за диверсификация на доставките на природен газ. През октомври 2014 година правителството на Турция и Азербайджан подписаха Меморандум за сътрудничество за реализацията на проекта, в който главен акционер е държавната газова компания на Азербайджан – SOCAR. Дялове имат още и турската BOTAS, както и ВР.
За проекта обаче се заговори още от 2011 година. Трасето на тръбите започва от границата на Турция и Грузия, преминава през цялата територия на страната и стига до границата с Гърция – обща дължина от 1 850 километра, от които 19 километра по дъното на Мраморно море. Предвижда се да бъдат изградени 7 компресорни и 4 измервателни станции.
Плановете са през TANAP да бъде пренасяна суровина от находището „Шах Дениз” II. Пътят на азербайджанския газ след това ще мине през територията на Гърция и Албания (Трансадриатическия газопровод - ТАР), по дъното на Адриатическо море и ще излезе на бреговете на Италия.
Именно това трасе сложи край на плановете за развитие на Nabucco, защото проектът се оказа без нужните количества газ, категорични са експертите. Шансове за възраждане все пак могат да се появят и през тръбите му да бъде пренасян газ от Иран, Ирак или Средиземно море – отритите наскоро находища около бреговете на Кипър.
Дотогава обаче ще минат години и Южния газов коридор, респективно TANAP и ТАР, които останаха единствените жизнеспособни проекти в коридора, засега изглежда най-близката алтернатива за желаещата диверсификация Европа.
Засега проектът се развива скоростно – в края на септември 2014 година беше сложено началото на строежа в Азербайджан. По-късно днес в турския град Селим (област Карс) символично ще бъде положена и първата тръба на TANAP в присъствието на президентите на Азербайджан Илхам Алиев, на Турция Реджеп Ердоган и на Грузия Гиорги Маргвелашвили.
България ще бъде представена от енергийния министър Теменужка Петкова, уточниха преди ден от Министерството на енергетиката.
Реализацията на Южния газов коридор всъщност ще донесе диверсификация и на доставките на газ за България. На този етап страната ни успя да договори 1 млрд. куб. метра газ от Азербайджан, който най-вероятно ще пристига в страната чрез връзката Комотини – Стара Загора.
Дълги години тя, както и по останалите интерконектори със съседните страни, оставаха само на хартия и в обещанията на управляващите. Но именно подобни връзки обаче са пътят за разнообразяване на доставките и то на по-ниска цена, отколкото струва изграждането на газопроводи.
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